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This paper aims to study the colour stability of chlorophyll and the effect of copper (II) nitrate – Cu(NO₃)₂ – as an additive in natural dye coating films after being exposed to ultraviolet-A (UV-A).

The natural dye was extracted from the leaves of Cassia alata L. using absolute ethanol as the solvent. The extract was divided into two parts and, one of it was added with 3 wt.% Cu(NO₃)₂ as an additive. The polymer blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and acrylic polyol was used as the coating binder. Both parts of the dye with and without additive were mixed with the blended polymer in a specific ratio. The resulted mixtures were applied as coating films on glass substrates. The colour stability of the coating films on exposure to UV-A with the time of exposure was observed with Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* colour coordinates. The hidden power by the means of reflectivity and glossiness of the coatings was also studied. Statistical standard deviation (STD) was used to analyse the data.

The test showed that the coating films containing Cu(NO₃)₂ had smaller colour differences, (ΔE*) indicating higher colour stability. The analysis on hidden power also showed that the coating film with Cu(NO₃)₂ was 1.6 times more stable than the film without additive. All the measurements in this study were observed within 35 days of duration.

This paper implies the potential of using natural dye extracted from Cassia alata L. leaves as a stable dye colourant for coating applications.

The coating film developed in this study is suitable for glass substrate applications.

A new method of preparing solvent-based coating film from PMMA–acrylic polyol with chlorophyll colourant is introduced in this study.

This paper aims to focus on a comparison study of the visible stability of natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin molecules extracted from Clitoria ternatea in coating films.

The coating films were prepared by mixing the blue dye with poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) in three different weight ratios. Samples were coded as 10PBA, 15PBA and 20PBA, where PBA is the abbreviation for poly acrylamide-co-acrylic acid, blue dyes and anthocyanin. The number at the beginning of each code represents the weight percentage of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) to natural blue dye. The mixtures were applied on separate glass substrates to form coating films. Another set of samples were prepared for the comparison study with a commercial acrylic clear coat (cc) applied on the surface of the 10PBA, 15PBA and 20PBA coating films. These coating films were coded 10PBAcc, 15PBAcc and 20PBAcc. The purpose of the clear coat is to observe how it affects the colour stability of the blue coating films with respect to time. All samples were exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) source, an 18 W Philips TL-D 18w/830 UV fluorescent lamp. The UV lamp was placed 15 cm above the surface of the samples for 35 days. The colour of the coatings was measured using CIE L*a*b* colour space coordinate.

The results obtained show 10PBA and 10PBAcc have the highest colour stability after 35 days of exposure to UV light. The reflectivity of the coating films was also measured during exposure to UV lamp. Reflectivity measurements also showed that 10PBA and 10PBAcc coating films had the highest reflective stabilities.

The potential of using natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin in coating film to obtain high colour stability.

The coating film developed in this work is suitable to be applied on glass substrates.

The application of anthocyanin dye extracted from the Clitoria ternatea L. as a colourant in coating films

The purpose of this paper is to study the colour stability and water content resistivity of the green colour coating paint film (consisting of chlorophyll) during exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A).

The natural green dye was prepared by immersing Cassia alata L. leaves in absolute ethanol. The extract was prepared in two batches of dye samples where one of it was a pure dye and the other was added with 3 Wt. % Cu(NO₃)₂ as an additive. Polymer blend as a binder was prepared by mixing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and commercial acrylic polyol. The blended polymer was mixed with the natural dye in a specific ratio and applied as coating paint film on glass panel surfaces. The visible spectrum stability (colour stability) and water content resistivity of the coating paint films during exposure to UV-A were monitored.

Addition of Cu(NO₃)₂ had improved the colour stability of the coating paint film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that both coating paint films do not absorb water and are resistive to water content.

The ability of Cu(NO₃)₂ as an colour stability additive to the natural green dye applied in the coating paint film.

The coating paint film developed in this work is suitable to be applied on glass substrates.

The colour stability of the coating paint film was analysed by using the reflectance spectrum.

The purpose of this study is to identify the accelerators of sharing economy that lead to sustainability by adopting green consumption. Nostalgia is studied as a mediator along with social connectedness and past orientation. Specifically, the study is based upon a framework to explore the outcomes of sharing economy through an individual's green consumption behavior from the perspective of mortality anxiety.

Quantitative research technique was employed by collecting data from 537 households through snowball sampling. The model was tested using partial least squares (SEM-VB). The validity of the theoretical and measurement model was assessed.

The results revealed that nostalgia positively influences social connectedness and past orientation, whereas social connectedness and past orientation accelerate green consumption. However, it was confirmed that nostalgia decreases green consumption.

The drivers of sharing economy lead toward environmentally friendly consumer behavior by providing opportunities for different agents to increase the usage of shared consumption. The model can be improved by introducing other mediating variables to enrich understanding.

The study may provide opportunities for practitioners and the government to identify the key factors in a sharing economy, specifically with reference to green consumption and social connectedness. It is predicted that it will help reduce environmental deterioration.

This study identifies the role of mortality anxiety and nostalgia toward green consumption, predominantly in the context of a sharing economy. It is a forward to collaborative consumption.

Mobile taxi booking apps (MTB) have revolutionalized the transportation industry. As taxis can be hired via smartphones, irrespective of any time or place, the business platform for taxi service has completely changed. Now customers are saved from the hassle of going to the designated taxi stands or waiting along the roadside. But, the long-term sustainability of this service depends on its continued use. Therefore, this study aims to explore factors that hedonically incline people toward continuance of MTB. To achieve the purpose, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was extended with mediation effects of hedonic motivation.

The data were collected from existing users of MTB and analyzed through structural equation modeling and revalidated via artificial neural networks.

The statistical results show that the main factors of UTAUT substantially create hedonic motivation to use the apps and significantly mediate their effects on behavioral intention to continue using MTB. However, mediation between social influence and continuity intent was not statistically supported. The findings represent important contributions to the extended UTAUT.

This study adds value to the theoretical horizon and also presents M-taxi companies with useful and pertinent plans for efficient designing and effective implementation of MTB. Moreover, limitations and suggestions for future researchers are also discussed.

This study extends UTAUT with the mediating role of hedonic motivation to predict continued use of MTB, which further initiates the applicability of UTAUT in a new setting and a new perspective (post adoption). This, in turn, significantly expands theory by using hedonic motivation as an important attribute that could mediate impact of all main antecedents to shape customers loyalty toward system use.

Natural disasters occur all around the world, in the last two decades these natural disasters have brought sever damages to the world economy. Mostly developing countries bear severe consequences due to these natural disasters. In July 2010, Pakistan faced a massive flood, which affected almost all the countries. The disaster affected all sectors like daily life, transportation, infrastructure, etc., of the country. GOP did not have enough resources to cope with this giant disaster and called for international help. Local and international NGOs participated with GOP in the early phases of recovery. Millions of dollars were given away as the initial impact of this disaster, and GOP and other relief agents have spent other million to provide initial recovery and relief. GOP will need billions of dollars further to continue recovery from the disaster of 2010.

It is not any exaggeration to state Dubai as a global city. Furthermore, the Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC) acts as a gateway for international visitors into this city. Starting from a business center in 1979, the tower has grown to house more than 3 million attendees annually. The tower expanded from its 39-story establishment to a full-blown project encompassing concourses, venues, and business offices. The 40-years’ experience enables the DWTC to establish itself as the chief organizer of more than 500 events in a year. Furthermore, relying on its excellent training program, customer-centric approach and active leadership participation, the DWTC has molded many leaders that solve futuristic problems. DWTC has driven economic growth in the local business environment for ancillary services as well. DWTC facilitates almost 3.3% of Dubai’s GDP, thus, putting things into perspective concerning its contribution to the local economy. Hence, DWTC acts as a beacon of light for the bright prospects of Dubai’s future, therefore, cementing its position in world trade.

Many newly established Internet loss-making enterprises (NEILEs) are always willing to expand overseas within a very short time from their establishment. This phenomenon is becoming a hot research area. This paper aims to explore why these enterprises are always willing to expand overseas rapidly even if they are facing severe and persistent losses, and to study the different rapid internationalization modes and the international market entry ways for NEILEs.

This paper constructs a theoretical framework with the dual situation of negative attainment discrepancy and advantageous slack resources to explain the rapid internationalization of NEILEs. Furthermore, cross-case comparative analysis method, based on interviews, questionnaires and secondary data collection, is adopted to reveal the rapid internationalization modes and the international market entry ways of such enterprises.

Whether blocking competitors or seeking opportunities or both, NEILEs' goal of rapid internationalization depends on the severity and persistence of negative attainment discrepancy. When the severity and persistence of negative attainment discrepancy are very significant, moderate and mild, NEILEs choose sniper-type, opportunity-type and dual-type internationalization target mode in turn; it is very important for NEILEs to match advantageous slack resources and international market entry ways to achieve specific internationalization goals.

This paper enriches the understanding of NEILEs' transnational entrepreneurial behavior in the era of digital economy. The theoretical contribution of this paper is that the authors build a theoretical framework based on the logical starting point, the logical fulcrum and the logic ending point for understanding the rapid internationalization of NEILEs.

This study demonstrates that NEILEs can also expand into foreign markets according to their own characteristics. Undoubtedly, they need to choose appropriate internationalization target mode and international market entry way in line with the extent and duration of their losses, and their advantageous slack resources.

In this paper, the authors construct the rapid internationalization theory of NEILEs based on the dual situation of negative attainment discrepancy and advantageous slack resources in digital economy era. Moreover, the authors discover the behavioral characteristics and patterns of NEILEs' transnational entrepreneurship.

Over 50 percent of the disasters occur in Asia and in the past five year disasters in the region have killed around half million people. Most of these deaths could have been prevented if reliable and effective early warning systems were in place. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of the emerging mobile technology for disaster risk reduction.

LIRNEasia field tested five wireless technologies, including mobile phones, in 32 tsunami affected villages in Sri Lanka; where members in the village were provided training with emergency response planning and given one or more of the technologies for receiving hazard information. Further lessons were learned by sharing knowledge, through a consultation process, on early warning systems with stakeholders in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

The evaluation process concluded mobile phones as the reliable, effective, and affordable solutions for alerting last‐mile communities. Disaster risk reduction can be improved using mobile application and leverage the explosive diffusion of the technology even among the poor in developing countries.

Coordination within government, including communication to first responders responsible for evacuation and localized warnings, and communication to mass media who serve a critical function in public warning, can be achieved through the use of an SMS engine supplemented as necessary by an informative and robust website. Cell broadcasting can serve as an extremely useful addition to the conventional public warning methods, especially in countries with significant mobile penetration.

The paper is intended for governments, researchers and practitioners working in the field of emergency communication.